The Battle of Fort Niagara in the French and Indian War

The Battle of Fort Niagara in the French and Indian War Following his destruction at the Battle of Carillonâ in July 1758, Major General James Abercrombie was supplanted as the British leader in North America that fall. To assume control over, London turned to Major General Jeffery Amherstâ who had recentlyâ captured the French fortification of Louisbourg. For 1759 battle season, Amherst built up his home office beneath Lake Champlain and arranged a drive against Fort Carillon (Ticonderoga) and north to the St. Lawrence River. As he progressed, Amherst planned for Major General James Wolfeâ to advance up the St. Lawrence to assault Quebec. To help these two pushes, Amherst coordinated extra tasks against the western fortifications of New France. For one of these, he requested Brigadier General John Prideaux to take a power through western New York to attack Fort Niagara. Collecting at Schenectady, the center of Prideauxs order comprised of the 44th and 46th Regiments of Foot, two organizations from the 60th (Royal Americans), and an organization of Royal Artillery. A persistent official, Prideaux attempted to guarantee the mystery of his strategic he knew whether the Native Americans scholarly of his goal it would be conveyed to the French. Strife Dates The Battle of Fort Niagara was battled July 6 to July 26, 1759, during the French Indian War (17654-1763). Armed forces Commanders at Fort Niagara English Brigadier General John PrideauxSir William Johnson3,945 men French Commander Pierre Pouchot486 men The French at Fort Niagara First involved by the French in 1725, Fort Niagara had been improved over the span of the war and was arranged on a rough point at the mouth of the Niagara River. Protected by a 900-ft. bulwark that was moored by three bastions, the post was garrisoned by somewhat under 500 French regulars, civilian army, and Native Americans under the order of Captain Pierre Pouchot. In spite of the fact that Fort Niagaras eastbound barriers were solid, no exertion was made to sustain Montreal Point over the stream. In spite of the fact that he had a bigger power before in the season, Pouchot had sent soldiers west accepting his post safe. Progressing to Fort Niagara Leaving in May with his regulars and a power of pilgrim state army, Prideaux was eased back by high waters on the Mohawk River. Regardless of these challenges, he prevailing with regards to arriving at the remains of Fort Oswego on June 27. Here he got together with a power of around 1,000 Iroquois warriors which had been selected by Sir William Johnson. Holding a commonplace colonels commission, Johnson was a prominent pioneer executive with a claim to fame in Native American undertakings and an accomplished leader who had won the Battle of Lake George in 1755. Wishing to have a safe base in his back, Prideaux requested the pulverized fortress to be modified. Leaving a power under Lieutenant Colonel Frederick Haldimand to finish the development, Prideaux and Johnson set out in an armada of pontoons and Bateaux and started paddling west along the south shore of Lake Ontario. Sidestepping French maritime powers, they arrived on three miles from Fort Niagara at the mouth of Little Swamp River on July 6. Having accomplished the component of shock he wanted, Prideaux had the vessels portaged through the forested areas to a gorge south of the stronghold known as La Belle-Famille. Descending the gorge to the Niagara River, his men started shipping cannons toward the west bank. The Battle of Fort Niagara Begins: Moving his weapons to Montreal Point, Prideaux started development of a battery on July 7. The following day, different components of his order started fabricating attack lines inverse Fort Niagaras eastern guards. As the British fixed the noose around the fortress, Pouchot dispatched envoys south to Captain Franã §ois-Marie Le Marchand de Lignery requesting that he bring a help power to Niagara. Despite the fact that he had rejected an acquiescence request from Prideaux, Pouchot couldn't shield his unexpected of Niagara Seneca from haggling with the British-united Iroquois. These discussions at last prompted the Seneca leaving the stronghold under a banner of ceasefire. As Prideauxs men pushed their attack lines nearer, Pouchot restlessly watched for news of Lignerys approach. On July 17, the battery at Montreal Point was finished and British howitzers started shooting at the stronghold. After three days, Prideaux was killed when one of the mortars burst and part of the detonating barrel struck his head. With the commanders demise, Johnson accepted order, however a portion of the standard officials, including the 44ths Lieutenant Colonel Eyre Massey, were at first safe. No Relief for Fort Niagara: Before the debate could be completely settled, news showed up in the British camp that Lignery was drawing nearer with 1,300-1,600 men. Walking out with 450 regulars, Massey strengthened a pioneer power of around 100 and assembled an abatis hindrance over the portage street at La Belle-Famille. Despite the fact that Pouchot had exhorted Lignery to progress along the west bank, he demanded utilizing the portage street. On July 24, the help section experienced Masseys power and around 600 Iroquois. Progressing on the abatis, Lignerys men were directed when British soldiers showed up on their flanks and opened with an overwhelming fire. As the French withdrew in chaos they were set upon by the Iroquois who perpetrated overwhelming misfortunes. Among the huge number of French injured was Lignery who was taken prisoner. Uninformed of the battling at La Belle-Famille, Pouchot proceeded with his barrier of Fort Niagara. At first declining to accept reports that Lignery had been crushed, he kept on standing up to. With an end goal to persuade the French leader, one of his officials was accompanied into the British camp to meet with the injured Lignery. Tolerating reality, Pouchot gave up on July 26. The Aftermath of the Battle of Fort Niagara: In the Battle of Fort Niagara, the British supported 239 murdered and injured while the French brought about 109 executed and injured just as 377 caught. In spite of the fact that he had wished to be permitted to withdraw for Montreal with the distinctions of war, Pouchot and his order were rather taken to Albany, NY as detainees of war. The triumph at Fort Niagara was the first of a few for British powers in North America in 1759. As Johnson was making sure about Pouchots give up, Amhersts powers toward the east were taking Fort Carillon before progressing on Fort St. Frederic (Crown Point). The feature of the crusade season came in September when Wolfes men won the Battle of Quebec.

HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HR - Essay Example Research on the execution of execution related compensation by the OECD, has found that minor more significant salary doesn't persuade most of staff. Representatives are inspired by comprehensive quality occupation planning with High Performance Work Practices (HPWP), work which is capable with ability, novel methods of planning work, fulfilling execution and better worker contribution in the choices of the association. HPWP has the imminent for delivering the character of the representative and yield of the association. These practices are set up on the perception that workers are the key of an association thus they hope to be dealt with evenhandedly. Studies demonstrate that the HR frameworks of high performing organizations share a few things for all intents and purpose. Elite Work Systems (HPWS) make more occupation appliers, screen up-and-comers all the more effectively, offer more and improved preparing, interface pay all the more transparently to execution and give a progressively trustworthy workplace. The fundamental test standing up to HR the board is to make accessible a lot of administrations that is rationale as far as the organization's planned arrangement. A strategic arrangement is the organization's sketch of how to coordinate its inward qualities and shortcoming with external chances and dangers in order to maintain a serious addition. An association which has more prominent inclusion and duty with respect to representatives is said to have executed a lot of the board practices of High Performance Work System (HPWS). Bohlander et al (2004, p. 690) characterizes HPWS as a particular mix of HR rehearses, work structures, and procedures that expands worker information, ability, duty and adaptability. Barnes (2001, p. 2) expresses that the idea and musings for elite work frameworks has imagined its underlying foundations from the late twentieth century. It was during this time the assembling business in America had perceived that worldwide rivalry had got in and they needed to revamp the 'time tested' fabricating methods. Components of High Performance Working: Figure I demonstrating Elements of a High Performance Work System (Ren Li Zi Yuan Guan Li Ji Chu, 2004) The principal component of HPWS is the idea of expanded chance to take an interest in choices (Barnes, p. 9) for workers. The ability for a worker to participate in the dynamic procedure is accepted to be one of the most significant segments of a HPWS as it allows the representative to settle on choices that influence their moment condition and this thus influences the entire association. This commitment brings about representatives feeling increasingly approved and thusly prompts a progressively devoted workforce, from a certain perspective. The subsequent component is preparing. Preparing encourages representatives to get the necessary aptitudes to do their occupations in a progressively proficient way and the opportunity to assume better obligation inside an association. The third component is representative impetuses. Associations should figure out how to interface pay with execution. As indicated by Bohlander and Snell (2004, p. 698), if a representative needs to center on results that are valuable to themselves and the association all in all at that point motivating force should assume a significant job. Innovation is one more component which notwithstanding the 3 components of association, preparing and motivators, makes up one more significant constituent of present day HPWS. As per Bohlander &amp, Snell, (2004, p. 699) innovation doesn't need to be driving edge innovation arrangements, yet it does

Postmodernism Sample Essay

Postmodernism Sample Essay The postmodernism term does not mean any narrowly restricted artistic directions or styles, but a certain cultural dominant of modern society, so we can only talk about how the postmodernist views and postmodern mentality are reflected in the approach to creating a film. Modernism and postmodernism use the rethinking of the role of language (ie, the means of organising and conveying meanings) as the basis for cognitive and artistic activity, are opposite one to another. Modernism exposes the conventional character of the conventional language as just a sum of techniques, it wants to reach the meaning with the help of some other, more adequate language and even directly, intuitively. Postmodernism announces the fundamental impossibility of acquiring meaning and closes on the stylised reproduction of various but equally conventional languages. As applied to the cinema, this means that if the original effect of the authenticity of the photographic reproduction of reality outweighs the conventions of editing and genre (especially when they are intentionally reduced to a minimum in neorealism), the language of the cinema is perceived as adequate and transparent. Postmodernism abandons any ideology and value hierarchy following the deconstruction, it produces a reverse reconstruction of the cinematographic language, but already within the framework of conscious stylization. Over time, the emphasis is shifted from the human content of the film, its psychological authenticity to its formal elements, to the text as such. Already in the Worker Drone by S. Raju (2010) and “Play” by Kaplan and Zimmermann, their formal alignment is more important than the content element. All kinds of cosmic fantasies and adventurous epics are built only on interest in formal narrative and tricks, and often both are presented in a parody manner Stylistic and parodic approach to the narrative causes abundant citation and associative links to other films, to the classics of the genre, as a result, the number of new films about old subjects (remakes) increases. Since for postmodernism the hierarchy of meanings and values looks like a manifestation of authoritarianism, an equality that leads to aesthetic populism is established between all texts, when elements of high and popular culture, styles, genres, etc. turn out to be completely mixed. One of the peculiarities that distinguishes postmodernist films is intertexting that you can see in both films “The Worker Drone” and “Play”. In the first film, the characters watch a video commercial while in the second film, the characters are inside of the video game. They question whether the surrounding world is real and they are not aware of who they really are. The feeling of paranoia is the problem that characters of both films face and they search for the answers throughout the films. The postmodernism examples are seen in the films and they represent the cognitive activity of the characters, their deprivation of real world or the world that they consider to be theirs. True feelings and senses of perception become questionable. Watching the films will provide the viewers with bright representation of the postmodern culture on the 20th and 21th centuries

The Ku Klux Klan And Their Influence On American History

The Ku Klux Klan’s original objective was to defeat social and religious change, they were against blacks, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants. The group defines religion similarly to as the true interpretation of Jesus Christ and his teachings. The group has had a lasting effect on American history as well as being known for their violent acts, but the group’s motives are less known. Founded in 1865 the Ku Klux Klan has been revived three different times throughout American history. During the first revival the klan focused mainly on putting a stop to social and racial change brought by the white women from the north. They used their hatred of the african americans to fuel their fight against the change in equality. In the 1920s the klan focused more on the immigration of foreigners and their influence on african americans. By changing christian music, burning crosses, and violent acts, the klan took on a more religious mentality. During the revival of 1946 klan members b egan using utilizing a vastly christian mentality that has lasted into current day. As time progressed the Ku Klux Klan movement has evolved from a social movement against change to a religious mentality based around Christianity. Their ideals, goals, and actions have changed from actions based solely on their mutual hatred of change to acts through which they claim as being Christian. Their motives have evolved from a hatred of all but white protestant christian to a justified religious reasoning for actions.Show MoreRelatedThe Ku Klux Klan During World War I1551 Words   |  7 Pagescontroversy, and new attitudes will always have opposition. The Ku Klux Klan, which had died out in the 1870s, rose again to combat the turmoil that the nation was experiencing during World War I. The group came out resilient and often deadly, and members had influence in the United States that had not been witnessed before. Therefore, the second Ku Klux Klan that emerged during World War I was much m ore powerful than its former manifestation. The Klan arose because of social changes such as the increasingRead MoreWas The Ku Klux Klan Of The 1920s A Mainstream Organization?840 Words   |  4 PagesWas the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s a Mainstream Organization? The Reconstruction-era Klan, the 1920s Klan, and the modern Klan are three Ku Klux Klans in the United States history. Just as any terrorism group throughout human history, The Ku Klux Klans have often used scare tactics to enforce their power and scare minorities. No terrorist regime has lasted over the decades. They usually take the limelight for a small period of time. They are centered in newspapers, magazines, photos, journals, andRead MoreRacism and the Ku Klux Klan Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesRacism and the Ku Klux Klan Since the early development of society in the United States, racism has always been a divisive issue faced by communities on a political level. Our country was built from the immigration of people from an international array of backgrounds. However, multitudes of white supremacists blame their personal as well as economic misfortunes on an abundance of ethnic groups. African-Americans, Jews and Catholics are only some of the of groups tormentedRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920 Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s The second Ku Klux Klan lasted between 1915 to 1944 but predominantly rose and fell during the 1920s. The Ku Klux Klan was a white supremacist group with millions of members who brutally tortured and killed anyone who was not a white American. The Ku Klux Klan were known for their white robes, cone hats, and covered faces that disguised their identities. The second Ku Klux Klan’s most important part of it’s history was it’s dramatic rise and fall. The Ku Klux KlanRead MoreHooded Americanism Essay1675 Words   |  7 PagesHooded Americanism: The First Century of the Ku Klux Klan: 1865 to the Present by David Chalmers records the history of the Ku Klux Klan quite bluntly, all the way from its creation following the civil war, to the early 1960’s. The author starts the book quite strongly by discussing in detail many acts of violence and displays of hatred throughout the United States. He makes a point to show that the Klan rode robustly throughout all of the country, not just in the southern states. The first severalRead MoreThe Ku Klux Klan, also known as the Klan or the KKK, originated in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1865.600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Ku Klux Klan, also known as the Klan or the KKK, originated in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1865. The first KKK was formed by six Civil war veterans, with the purpose to restore power to the plantation owners. The people that the KKK was against was African Americans and republicans. The second KKK was founded in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1921. This KKK lasted much longer and had millions of members, partially due to their organization with finances and members. The third KKK was founded as aRead MoreInterpreting The Clansm A Historical Romance Of The Ku Klux Klan And The Kloran1563 Words   |  7 PagesClansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan and the â€Å"Kloran† Thomas Dixon Jr. wrote The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan (or simply The Clansman) which was based largely on his background in religion. He was a Southern Baptist minister. The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a Christian denomination based in the United States. It is the world s largest Baptist denomination and the largest Protestant body in the United States. The Ku Klux Klan is fundamentally a white supremacistRead MoreThe Ku Klux Klan Essay804 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ku Klux Klan A cult is a type of religious organization that stands apart from the larger society. These groups often have a charismatic leader and they create their own radical beliefs. A cult that is very widespread in the United States and claims to be largely apparent throughout the world is the Ku Klux Klan or the KKK. The Ku Klux Klan is a cult that claims to be promotersRead MoreThe Ku Klux Klan And The Civil War1186 Words   |  5 PagesYes: Shawn Lay rejects the view of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) as a radical fringe group comprised of marginal men and instead characterizes the KKK of the 1920s as a mainstream, grassroots organization that promoted traditional values of law, order, and social morality that appealed to Americans across the nation. No: Thomas Pegram, on the other hand, recognizes that Klansmen were often average members of their communities, but this did not prevent most Americans from denouncing the organization’s commitmentRead MoreThe Ku Klux Klan And The Civil Rights Movement1411 Words   |  6 PagesFounded in 1866, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) extended into almost every southern state by 1870 and became a vehicle for white southern resistance to the Republican party’s reconstruction-era polices aimed at establishing political and economic equality for blacks. Its members waged an unseen war of intimidation and violence directed at white and black republican leaders. Through congress passed legislation designed to stop and contain Klan terrorism, the organization saw its primary goal fulfilled through

The Rocking Horse Winner By F. Lawrence - 2382 Words

One of the emotional essentials of life is to be loved, and there are quite a few cases where material things can hinder receiving this much-needed love, the greatest culprit of all being money. D. H. Lawrence’s short story â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner† tells of a boy, Paul, who desires love and affection from his mother, Hester, but she is so wrapped up in her concerns with money that she does not display any of this needed affection toward her son or any of her children. She has grown unloving and bitter due to her husband’s inability to meet her expectations, and she tells Paul his father is unlucky. Full of curiosity, Paul asks his mother what luck is, and she tells him, â€Å"‘It’s what causes you to have money. If you’re lucky you have money. That’s why it’s better to be born lucky than rich. If you’re rich, you may lose your money. But if you’re lucky, you will always get more money† (Lawrence, 2). P aul is quite intuitive and interprets that the only way he can finally obtain love from his mother is if he is lucky, much unlike his father. He proudly shares with his mother that he is lucky, but when she does not take his word seriously, he falls into a blinded rage as he madly rides his rocking horse, hoping it will take him to where the luck is, â€Å"‘Now take me to where there is luck!’† (3). By riding his rocking-horse, he knows which horse will win the derby. The association of love with money brings about the idea of a love for money, or greed, which is one of the sevenShow MoreRelatedThe Rocking Horse Winner By F. H. Lawrence, And The Lottery1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Rocking-Horse Winner, the author utilizes setting, imagery, and irony to accomplish the hidden theme in this short story, which is the absence of love that prompt the quest for cash and material wealth, or greed, and will eventually obliterate happiness and prompt inevitable defeat. In The Lottery, the author uses its setting and irony to show the theme, which is violence and cruelty towards another human being shows there is a lack of love in the community. In The Rocking-Horse Winner, byRead MoreThe Role of Luck and Money in The Rocking Horse Winner686 Words   |  3 PagesRole of Luck and Money in The Rocking Horse Winner D.H. Lawrences The Rocking Horse Winner is an allegorical tale that explores the relationship of luck and money and how Pauls, the storys protagonist, perception thereof influences his behavior. Through an omniscient point of view, the narrator guides the reader through the events that occur without demonstrating bias and thus establishes the story is intended to teach a lesson. The Rocking Horse Winner explores the complex relationshipRead MoreThe Rocking Horse Winner by D.H. Lawrence Essay1000 Words   |  4 Pagesbut neglect the emotional aspects. The overpowering need for money takes a toll on families. D.H Lawrence’s short story explores the dynamics of money and its psychological toll. The story’s unhappy family in D.H Lawrence’s short story, â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner†, demonstrates the adverse psychological effects that derive from the insatiable desire of money and mindless consumerism. The stories dissatisfied family demonstrates the adverse psychological effects that arise from the insatiable desireRead MoreEnglish 102 Fiction Essay1129 Words   |  5 Pagesthemes of Shirley Jackson’s, â€Å"The Lottery† and D.H. Lawrence’s, â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† demonstrate a very powerful and sinister aspect of fallen human nature. The characters in both of these stories are driven to what many would describe as insanity in the pursuit of a passion. Ultimately, these pursuits end in unimaginable tragedy and pain. I. The townspeople in â€Å"The Lottery† and the family members in â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† are caught up in their passions. A. Paul is pursuing answersRead MoreHow to Read Lit Like a Prof Notes3608 Words   |  15 Pagesunder different rules, the Red Queen, the White Rabbit, the Cheshire Cat, the Wicked Witch of the West, the Wizard, who is a fraud e. Cinderella: orphaned girl abused by adopted family saved through supernatural intervention and by marrying a prince f. Snow White: Evil woman who brings death to an innocent—again, saved by heroic/princely character g. Sleeping Beauty: a girl becoming a woman, symbolically, the needle, blood=womanhood, the long sleep an avoidance of growing up and becoming a marriedRead MoreHorace Gregory s Short ( But Perfectly Formed D. H. Lawrence : Pilgrim Of The Apocalypse10205 Words   |  41 PagesCHAPTER TWO Inquisitive D. H. Lawrence versus Anally Retentive Mr. Freud Horace Gregory’s short (but perfectly formed) D. H. Lawrence: Pilgrim of the Apocalypse (1933) explains how Lawrence’s two essays on psychoanalysis were motivated by his desire to understand. What he needed to understand was why he was as he was; how the development of masculinity and gender identity were influenced and how obstacles such as an over-possessive mother might impair these developments. Hence, his works onRead MoreHistory of the Development of the Short Story.3660 Words   |  15 Pages20th century, a number of high-profile magazines such as The Atlantic Monthly, Scribners and The Saturday Evening Post published short stories in each issue. The demand for quality short stories was so great and the money paid for such so high that F. Scott Fitzgerald repeatedly turned to short-story writing to pay his numerous debts. The post-war era The period following World War II saw a great flowering of literary short fiction in the United States. The New Yorker continued to publishRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagessource of competitive advantage, the rationale for regular and detailed analyses of customers is therefore strong. Chapter 2 Marketing auditing and the analysis of capability M A R K E T I N G A U D I T I N G A N D T H E A N A LY S I S O F C A PA B I L I T Y 45 2.1 Learning objectives When you have read this chapter you should understand: (a) the nature, structure and purpose of the marketing audit; (b) the nature of the contribution made by the marketing audit to the overall managementRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages Management—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS

Public Opinion on Religion Free Essays

Many people have different opinions on religion and have the thought that some religions may be superior to others or better than. However, two religions such as Christianity and Islam have a lot more in common than many people may believe. Christianity is one of the most popular religions followed around the world with Islam being second. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Opinion on Religion or any similar topic only for you Order Now In a world with so much conflict between Muslims and Christians, although there may be differences, many people fail to realize that they both have more in common than one may believe, such as origin and what the people believe. To begin, Christianity has many specific beliefs based on how the world will end and what its followers believe. In Christianity, the followers believe that whenever Jesus returns if the believer is saved then they will go to heaven and if not, they will go to hell. Therefore, one must be saved before Jesus comes back. Also, Christians believe in the Holy Trinity, which includes the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. This means that all three are different entities, but all one spirit, they live through each other and all coincide. Finally, followers of Christianity believe that Jesus is the Son of God. So, God is actually Jesus’ father and whenever Jesus came to the earth he used the power of God through him to get to the people. Overall, Christians believe in the Holy Trinity, that Jesus is the Son of God, and that as a believer one must be saved before they die to go to Heaven. Furthermore, Islam also has very specific content, such as what happens when the world ends and the beliefs of its followers. Contrary to the belief of Christians, in Islam, the world will end one day, and the believers will be judged and then the decision is made to which place they go to after death, heaven or hell. So, it does not matter if one is â€Å"saved† or not before the world ends because the believer will be judged based on their life and how they used it to impact others. Next, Muslims believe in only God. Therefore, not a Jesus or Holy Spirit, only God, and he rules over everything. In addition, they believe that Muhammed was the last great prophet of Allah and they follow his teachings. So, Allah is God and Muhammed was the last great prophet of Allah, so they follow Muhammed’s beliefs. All in all, Muslims believe that one is judged whenever the world ends to determine their fate, they just believe in Allah and that he does not have a son, and that Muhammed was the last great prophet of Allah. Finally, Christians and Muslims have a lot of similarities in how they believe and what they believe in. For example, both religions believe in the same God, Allah is just the name for God in Arabic. Also, both Christianity and Islam are descendants of Abraham. Abraham had two sons, Isaac and Ishmael, Christians came from Isaac and Muslims came from Ishmael. That is why both believe in the same God. Furthermore, they are both monotheistic, which is the belief in only one God. Christians and Muslims only believe in one God, which is the same one. Lastly, Christianity and Islam both strongly believe in the afterlife. Although each religion has a different belief on when one is judged for the afterlife, the afterlife itself is a strong base in the principles and belief system of each religion. Therefore, Christians and Muslims have many similarities, such as where each religion comes from, the God they both believe in, and the strong belief in the afterlife. In conclusion, Christianity and Islam both have similarities and differences. Each religion has its own way of thinking and belief, but both are still based all on God/Allah. Christians believe that God has a son named Jesus and he will return one day. Whereas Muslims believe there is only God and the world will end one day. Overall, Christianity and Islam have just as many similarities as differences. The similarities include, they believe in the same God, they are both monotheistic, they both have a strong belief in the afterlife, and they are both descendants of Abraham. Therefore, before one thinks that two things may be complete opposites, they should think a little deeper and find similarities between them. How to cite Public Opinion on Religion, Papers

The Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution

Introduction This amendment was approved on July 1868. The amendment contained two important clauses that marked the history of Civil rights movement in the US. These are the Equal protection clause and the Due Process clause.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The former guaranteed equal protection of the law while the latter protected individuals from deprivation of life, liberty and property by the state without the due process of law. This article looks into the various interpretations given to the Fourteenth Amendment, limitations to its applications and the affirmative action. Interpretation of the 14th amendment The problem that faced the court was in determining what could qualify as equal protection. The first attempt to interpret the Equal protection clause was made in the infamous case of Plessy Vs Ferguson (1896), which advo cated for racial segregation. Justice Brown was concerned with the reasonableness of the clause. He argued that when the court is reviewing state legislation it should consider regulation of public order and the tradition or custom of the people. â€Å"In short, the Court created a very lenient standard when reviewing state legislation: If a statute promotes order or can be characterized as a tradition or custom†¦ the statute meets the requirements of the clause† (Peter, 1998, Par 3). In Brown Vs Board of Education (1954) however, the Equal Protection clause was given a new meaning. Justice Earl Warren found that segregated facilities did not amount to equal protection in law. He stated: â€Å"†¦the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others†¦are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guar anteed by the Fourteenth Amendment† (Brown Vs Board of Education, 1954). Hernandez v. Texas (1954) the Court found that the Equal Protection clause to apply to not only whites and blacks but also other races and ethnic groups. Among these, other races were the Mexican-Americans. Since Brown case, women and illegitimate children have been included in the Equal Protection Clause.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"The Supreme Court accepted the concept of distinction by class, that is, between â€Å"white† and Hispanic, and found that when laws produce unreasonable and different treatment on such a basis, the constitutional guarantee of equal protection is violated† (Carl 1982. Par.2). The Due Process Clause was not only meant to protect basic procedural rights but also substantive rights. In the case of Gitlow Vs New York (1925), protection of press from abridge ment by the legislature was held to be some of the fundamental freedoms protected by the ‘due process’ clause of the fourteenth Amendment from infringement by the state. Here it was dealing with the substantive rights incorporated in the bill of rights. However, the decision in Muller Vs Oregon (1908), showed that the state could restrict working hours of women if doing so was in their best interest. This decision was made in due regard to the physical health of a woman. It was held that the physical role of women in childbirth and their social role in the society is an issue of public interest permitting the state to regulate their working hours notwithstanding the ‘due process’ clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Affirmative action Even though it offered a starting point, the Fourteenth Amendment was seen not to be enough to curb discrimination and racial segregation. More positive measures were needed to protect minority groups in the US. â€Å"Affirmat ive Action refers to a set of practices undertaken†¦ to go beyond non-discrimination, with the goal of actively improving the economic status of minorities and women with regard to employment, education, and business ownership and growth† (Holzer Neumark 2005, Par. 1). Affirmative Action was first introduced by President John F. Kennedy in the 1961 Executive Order 10925. Thereafter, several more orders were passed to deal with discrimination in employment. Other laws dealing with equal protection were subsequently enacted to outlaw discrimination such as the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Title II of the Act prohibited discrimination in public accommodations while title IV prohibited race and sex discrimination in employment. Courts too have joined hands in the fight. For example in Davis vs. Bakke (1978), where the court found that Bakke had been denied equal protection of the law by the University of California by being refused admission in the school even though his grades we re better than the minority’s admitted. This was done in line with a two-track admission system for blacks and whites. Even thought the decision overruled the affirmative action policy, it was viewed as a victory to proponents of affirmative action because it was a fight against racial segregation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Affirmative action-together with anti-discrimination laws and legislation-has rendered rights of minority groups in the labor market as well as public academic institutions more apparent. Therefore we cannot bow to the critics propositions that affirmative action promotes discrimination and racism. â€Å"Laws barring race- or sex-conscious behavior in hiring, promotions, and discharges are likely to undermine not only explicit forms of Affirmative Action, but also any prohibitions of discrimination that rely on disparate impact analyses for their enforcement† (Holzer and Neumark, 2006, Par, 11). Conclusion The Fourteenth amendment has been classified as the most far-reaching amendment in the history of the US constitution especially to the minority groups. â€Å"The Fourteenth Amendment itself was the fruit of a necessary and wise solution for a comparable problem† (Howard 2000). It came at a time when civil rights movements were at the peak and has contributed significantly to the redemption of minority from past discriminatory activities. It created awareness to the whole world on the injustices of racial segregation and prompted the public to take corrective measures, which have no doubt yielded a lot of success. References Brown V Board of Education. (1945). Massive Resistance† to Integration. Web.Retrieved from https://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis54.htm#1954bvbe Carl. V. (1982). Allsup, Hernandez V state of Texas. Texas. Texas State Historical Association. Gitlow V. New York. (2011). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/event/Gitlow-v-New-YorkAdvertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Holzer H. and Neumark D. (2006). Journal of Policy Analysis and Management: Affirmative Action: What do we know? Published by Urban Institute. Howard. N.M. (2000). The Amendment that Refused to Die: Equality and Justice Deferred: The History of the Fourteenth Amendment. Madison Books. Peter, M. (1998). Princeton university law Journals: Past and future of Affirmative action Volume I. Issue 2  Springs. Web. Retrieved from https://www.princeton.edu/ This essay on The Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was written and submitted by user Dorothy R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Using Namespaces in VB.NET

Using Namespaces in VB.NET The most common way VB.NET namespaces are used by most programmers is to tell the compiler which .NET Framework libraries are needed for a particular program. When you choose a template for your project (such as Windows Forms Application) one of the things that youre choosing is the specific set of namespaces that will be automatically referenced in your project. This makes the code in those namespaces available to your program. For example, some of the namespaces and the actual files they are in for a Windows Forms Application are: System in System.dllSystem.Data in System.Data.dllSystem.Deployment System.Deployment.dllSystem.Drawing System.Drawing.dllSystem.Windows.Forms System.Windows.Forms.dll You can see (and change) the namespaces and references for your project in the project properties under the References tab. This way of thinking about namespaces makes them seem to be just the same thing as code library but thats only part of the idea. The real benefit of namespaces is organization. Most of us wont get the chance to establish a new namespace hierarchy because its generally only done once in the beginning for a large and complicated code library. But, here, youll learn  how to interpret the namespaces that you will be asked to use in many organizations. What Namespaces Do Namespaces make it possible to organize the tens of thousands of .NET Framework objects and all the objects that VB programmers create in projects, too, so they dont clash. For example, if you search .NET for a Color object, you find two. There is a Color object in both: System.DrawingSystem.Windows.Media If you add an Imports statement for both namespaces (a reference may also be necessary for the project properties) ... Imports System.DrawingImports System.Windows.Media ... then a statement like ... Dim a As Color ... will be flagged as an error with the note, Color is ambiguous and .NET will point out that both namespaces contain an object with that name. This kind of error is called a name collision. This is the real reason for namespaces and its also the way namespaces are used in other technologies (such as XML). Namespaces make it possible to use the same object name, such as Color, when the name fits and still keep things organized. You could define a Color object in your own code and keep it distinct from the ones in .NET (or the code of other programmers). Namespace MyColorPublic Class ColorSub Color() Do somethingEnd SubEnd ClassEnd Namespace You can also use the Color object somewhere else in your program like this: Dim c As New MyColor.Colorc.Color() Before getting into some of the other features, be aware that every project is contained in a namespace. VB.NET uses the name of your project (WindowsApplication1 for a standard forms application if you dont change it) as the default namespace. To see this, create a new project (we used the name NSProj and check out the Object Browser tool): Click Here to display the illustrationClick the Back button on your browser to return The Object Browser shows your new project namespace (and the automatically defined objects in it) right along with the .NET Framework namespaces. This ability of VB.NET to make your objects equal to .NET objects is one of the keys to the power and flexibility. For example, this is why Intellisense will show your own objects as soon as you define them. To kick it up a notch, lets define a new project (We named ours NewNSProj in the same solution (use File Add New Project ...) and code a new namespace in that project. And just to make it more fun, lets put the new namespace in a new module (we named it NewNSMod). And since an object must be coded as a class, we also added a class block (named NewNSObj). Heres the code and Solution Explorer to show how it fits together: Click Here to display the illustrationClick the Back button on your browser to return Since your own code is just like Framework code, its necessary to add a reference to NewNSMod in NSProj to use the object in the namespace, even though theyre in the same solution. Once thats done, you can declare an object in NSProj based on the method in NewNSMod. You also need to build the project so an actual object exists to reference. Dim o As New NewNSProj.AVBNS.NewNSMod.NewNSObjo.AVBNSMethod() Thats quite a Dim statement though. We can shorten that by using an Imports statement with an alias. Imports NS NewNSProj.AVBNS.NewNSMod.NewNSObj...Dim o As New NSo.AVBNSMethod() Clicking the Run button displays the MsgBox from the AVBNS namespace, Hey! It worked! When and Why to Use Namespaces Everything so far has really just been syntax - the coding rules that you have to follow in using namespaces. But to really take advantage, you need two things: A requirement for namespace organization in the first place. You need more than just a Hello World project before the organization of namespaces starts to pay off.A plan to use them. In general, Microsoft recommends that you organize your organizations code using a combination of your company name with the product name. So, for example, if youre the Chief Software Architect for Dr. Nos Nose Knows Plastic Surgery, then you might want to organize your namespaces like ... DRNoConsultingReadTheirWatchNChargeEmTellEmNuthinSurgeryElephantManMyEyeLidsRGone This is similar to .NETs organization ... ObjectSystemCoreIOLinqDataOdbcSql The multilevel namespaces are achieved by simply nesting the namespace blocks. Namespace DRNoNamespace SurgeryNamespace MyEyeLidsRGone VB CodeEnd NamespaceEnd NamespaceEnd Namespace or Namespace DRNo.Surgery.MyEyeLidsRGone VB CodeEnd Namespace

Why a list of bullets is not a report (and military writing could make you enemies)

Why a list of bullets is not a report (and military writing could make you enemies) Why a list of bullets is not a report (and military writing could make you enemies) A few years ago, I was working with a consultant. We used to meet every week, over breakfast. And, as my daughter was going through a phase of waking up every night, I was invariably tired. I remember one session, during which I had been particularly sluggish. Even a second double espresso could not push many coherent thoughts around my sleep-deprived brain. So I asked him to write me a short report, in the hope that I could consider his advice properly once my mental fog had cleared. ‘Sure,’ he said. ‘I’ll send it over later today.’ The document duly arrived in my inbox just after lunchtime, but I decided to save it till the morning, once I’d caught up on my sleep. The next day, refreshed, I opened the document with keen anticipation. It took up about two pages and covered everything we’d agreed. Yet I found the document pretty well impenetrable and I gave up after a couple of attempts at reading it. Shorter ≠  better It wasn’t that its sentences were too long or too dense. Most sentences ran to fewer than 20 words and each was reasonably digestible. Its language, too, was for the most part commendably clear. (I forgave the odd lapse into consultant speak, as I knew his advice and thinking were consistently sound.) No. The reason I struggled was that, while he’d certainly created a document, he hadn’t actually written me a report at all. He’d simply produced a list of bullets –  a very long list of bullets. There’s a common assumption that the best type of report is one that delivers the most facts in the fewest words. The internet is full of articles advising just that approach and such articles are extremely popular. Most of us are both busy and overloaded with information. So this is understandable. We’re often so distracted and desperate for relief from the information deluge that we’re primed to fall gratefully on any piece of advice that promotes the brief-equals-good approach and share it widely. In such a crowded world, efficiency is what we need – whether we’re talking about our schedules or our communications. And what could be more efficient than a list of bullets? Giving the brain room to work The trouble is that this vastly oversimplifies how our brains work. It’s based only on the way most of us think  they do. And while we may want  reports like that, it’s not what we actually need. (In fact, I suspect that such reports are often the ones that don’t get read.) It’s not just in reading and writing documents or email that we fall into this trap. The same is true of how we plan our lives. A productive day is not necessarily one that crams in the most activities in ever-decreasing time-slots – not least because each one will provide more information and you may need to update the best course of action as you go. In other words, you need to allow the brain to do its work. (Despite this, countless time-management gurus make a good living encouraging us to stuff more and more into schedules that are already overloaded.) Similarly, a bald summary consisting of a series of short points, stuffed together and devoid of context, will rarely work in the way we think it will or want it to. In simple terms, such documents are not ‘brain friendly’, even though it seems that they should be. Military backing The short=good advice was taken to a whole new level in a post on the Harvard Business Review  blog a year ago, entitled ‘How to write email with military precision’. The post went viral (I suspect for the reasons I’ve already stated). Some of its advice made sense, such as including keywords like ‘ACTION’ in the subject line to show something needs to be done. ‘INFO’ was another suggested heading, which also seemed logical, even if I can see emails with that title heading straight for the bin. (Tech-savvy staff might even set up an automated rule ensuring such messages bypass their inboxes altogether.) Next up on the list of recommended headings was ‘DECISION’. That was sort of OK, though I was starting to feel uneasy at that point. They were beginning to sound a bit too much like barked orders. (Suggesting I type them in caps didn’t help.) Then it all got a bit surreal. It’s not just that it recommended ‘COORD’ for something that needs co-ordination with a colleague. It’s the way it reduced what could be quite nuanced (ie human) exchanges to the barest of bones. Indeed, the article  took this idea so far that any email that followed the author’s advice would almost certainly backfire (no pun intended) in the modern workplace. Here’s an example from the post: You are not a robot (and neither is your reader) Most cognitive psychologists no longer think the brain is just like a computer, ever ready and waiting to be programmed with instructions. How we think and make decisions is way more complex and subtle than that. Yet that seems to be precisely the brain model that the author of this article was using. The structure appears to me to be based largely on how we wish people processed information. This almost brutally brief message may  be suited to the command-and-control environment of the battlefield. But this sort of military writing has absolutely no place in the modern work environment. It will make more enemies than friends and create more problems than it solves. Can you imagine how you’d feel if you got one of those things? Rolling out that style across an organisation could cause enough damage to relationships to send productivity through the floor. In doing so, it would have precisely the opposite effect to the one intended. The dangers of bullets And – despite leaving the battlefield behind – that brings me back to bullets (sorry). They have their place, but that place is within  a document or message. With very few exceptions (a shopping list springs to mind), they should not be the document itself. Bullets simply do not engage people and get them to focus. They’re like somebody else’s revision notes. They trigger recall of much more detail in the person who wrote them but are largely meaningless to everybody else. Besides, the short=good school of business writing assumes we’re all too busy to focus on anything outside of what’s on our to-do lists already and that we always concentrate on our priorities. If this were really true, distractions like news websites would be out of business, as would Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and LinkedIn. For that matter, so would eBay or even the doughnut shop down the road that you pop out to when you’re avoiding writing your monthly management report. There are so many of these distractions that it’s amazing that we ever get anything done. Logic would seem to suggest that we should only be able to concentrate for a few seconds on any one thing. From flow to focus And yet, somehow, we do manage to focus, at least for some of the time. Sometimes, that focus is the result of a conscious effort to shut out the noise and knuckle down to work. But, more often, our focus is a passive process, driven not by ourselves but by whatever it is we happen to be focusing on. Some writing draws our attention and holds it for minutes or even hours, no matter how long our to-do lists. Such writing almost seems to compress time, and it does so in spite of  how busy we are. If you’ve ever read a web page or email that you didn’t intend to – anything that wasn’t the reason you opened your laptop – then you’ll know what I mean. Such things engage you right from the start and they keep you engaged. Reading them is effortless. Ideas seem to magically glide from the screen to your brain by the shortest possible route. Somehow, they draw you in then just seem to flow. Flow is the right word in this case. It’s a psychological state  in which concentration is total, to the exclusion of everything else. And it’s a state that, despite how busy we are, we find ourselves in surprisingly often (when our heads are in our phones, for example). Exactly how you induce this state in those who read what you write is a big subject and one for another post. Suffice to say for now that it involves writing captivating introductions and using a structure that anticipates how the reader is likely to think. Often, it involves storytelling, which has been shown to be one of the most effective communication techniques, as it reproduces the writer’s thought patterns in those who read or listen to the story. (Even academic papers that follow a narrative structure get cited in journals more often than those that don’t, as this study  of more than 700 papers shows.) Crucially, it involves putting the reader right at the heart  of the document or message. What it’s not is a state that’s likely to be achieved by writing like the military. At least, not like the military portrayed in the HBR article. (My experience of the defence sector suggests that portrayal is not necessarily typical anyway.) And it’s not a state that you will ever achieve by page after page of bullets. If you want to keep up to date with Robs research into the science of communication, keep an eye on his blog at robashton.com. Image credit: Amy Walters / Shutterstock

Student's Post Week 1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Student's Post Week 1 - Research Paper Example Your post does not however seem to identify or compare characteristics of the practices and environments (Dlabay, Scott and Scott, 2010). I therefore think that you did not identify the exact objective of the discussion. I like your post’s concept about the United States’ reliance on foreign human resource. You also identify the concept of wage difference that encourages people to emigrate from their native countries into the United States for better wages. Based on your concepts, I identify two business environments that distinguish the United States from the international set up. The health care business environment in the United States lacks sufficient human resource for service delivery while its remuneration rates are relatively higher than rates in some segments of the international set up and this offers the nation a comparative advantage towards attracting human resource. Your experience therefore identifies sufficient knowledge of business operations and environment in both the United States and the international set up (Marber, 2007; Dlabay, Scott and Scott, 2010). Your proposed strategy to reconciling the different and contradictory views on globalization is valid, though it does not seem to be comprehensive. Researching on the views will only develop another knowledge base without significant impacts on the existing positions. This identifies the need for further initiatives and efforts for merging the views because of their respective opposition to each other. Reconciliation would also require a credible and analytical approach to merging the different opinions. I therefore believe that key parties to the different positions should be involved in the knowledge development and their hard lines determined before exploring long term and wide scoped impacts of globalization. The approach is likely to develop a central position but you only responded to one section of the discussion question

Essay#2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

#2 - Essay Example Lapham in this article have been successful narrating the unpredictable and inconsistent ideologies of political party. ( Thesis) The author has been highly creative in laying down his debates on a democratic party which was abandoning their so called liberalistic attitude. The author has been right in blaming the liberals for their waning movement. They did not live up to their ideal value but waivered at the time when people demanded their support. The article has provided many detailed political events which give a credible validity to the arguments stated by the author. The author was showing the fear of people who were expecting a wave of crime and a rise of violence. The entire activities of liberals during the middle of 2oth century has made the article a fact based article. As per (Graham,2008 ) â€Å" The American obsession with self and self-promotion—Lapham had a field day when Francis Fukuyama declared â€Å"the end of history†Ã¢â‚¬â€is one of the reasons Lapham says he’s not more popular in the op-ed columns or the talk show circuit†. The article is a glimpse of the death of the democratic values of a party on which a nation had great hopes. The author has jotted down how a well respected political party with class and value downgraded in materialistic lure. The best part of the article is that the reader can feel the sympathetic transition of a political group which once was a ray of hope. The ebb and flow of democracy, human idealism, social desperation, racial tension all can be seen in the reading. The power machine has taken the advantage of the political party and the author establishes that the right wing was not in the proper direction. As per ( Kimball,2004) â€Å"Mr. Lapham subtended the rubric â€Å"a brief history† to the title of his 7500-word jeremiad; â€Å"a desperate fantasy† would have been more accurate†. The author has a point to make here which is the reluctance to keep trust on parties that is the either wing

Flight to Delhi

Flight to Delhi Flight to Delhi Delhi is the capital city of India with a population of over 13 million and has emerged as one of the fastest growing cities in the world. With over 700 flights landing and taking off from Delhi every day, Delhi airport is the busiest airport in India. It is easier to take flights to Delhi rather than using other means of transport. With several airlines and flight operators operating between major Indian cities Delhi, getting discounted tickets and special offers for Delhi flights is always on the cards. Deals22.com works hard to maintain its leadership position in travel category and to bring you the best rates for Delhi flights. Our unique engine allows you to search across the leading travel portals to ensure that you get the best fare rates. Jet Airways, Kingfisher, Indian Airlines, Air India, Spicejet, Air Deccan, Indigo, Paramount and GO Air operate daily flights on the Delhi Bangalore, Mumbai Delhi, Kolkata Delhi and Hyderabad Delhi routes. Delhi airport is located near the Delhi Gurgaon border is well connected to the city. The drive from Connaught Place, the heart of Delhi to the Delhi airport takes about 45 minutes if the traffic is clear. But it is advised that you always take into account the omnipresent traffic jams which can extend the commute time to the Delhi airport by a factor of three. About Delhi Delhi is the 2nd largest Indian city after Mumbai (Bombay) and is the seat of Indian government. Delhi encompasses the nearby cities of Gurgaon, Noida, Ghaziabad Faridabad to form the NCR region. Delhi /NCR is the melting pot for various Indian communities ethnicities. Attractions Places of Interest : Lodi Garden, Doll museum, Rail museum, Red Fort, India Gate, Museum of Natural History, Parliament, Qutab Minar, Jama Masjid Entertainment Shopping :, South-Extension, GK-I M Block, Connaught place, Chandni Chowk, Karol Bagh, Sarojini Nagar, Dilli Haat, State Emporiums, Lajpat Nagar, Ansal Plaza, Hauz Khas Theatre: Kamani Auditorium, LTG Auditorium, National school of Drama, India Habitat Centre (IHC), India International Centre (IIC), Lalit Kala Academy, Sri Ram Center for Performing Arts Temples : Hanuman Mandir, Lotus (ISKON) temple, Bangla Sahib Gurudwara, Kalka mandir, Birla Mandir, Chattarpur Mandir When to go Delhi faces the extreme climatic swings with the temperature moving to 47 C (116 F) in summers dropping to 0 C (32 F). The best time to visit the city is between October to March when the weather is most bearable. Regular flights to from Delhi are readily available. With airlines like Jet Airways, Kingfisher, Indian Airlines, Spicejet, Air Deccan, Indigo and GO Air offering frequent flier programs, discounted tickets and regular special offers, cheap air travel to Delhi has become a reality.

Fundamentalist: the Fine Line Between Religion and Cult Essay

In the case of the Church of Latter Day Saints, fine lines are drawn in the societal perception of this group of people. Their doctrines and practices make the American public debate whether they are a religion or a cult. The largest factor in the decided public perception lies mainly in their belief of polygamy. While the Church of Latter Day Saints denounced the practice in the 1890s, fundamentalist sects formed over the subject continuing to perpetuate the connection between Mormonism and polygamy. This fundamentalist practice, along with a few doctrines, continues to keep the Mormon faith as an â€Å"outside religion† in the eyes of the general American public. The practice of polygamy is central to the tenants of Mormon faith, extending back to the founder, Joseph Smith. Smith was not the first religious leader to support multiple wives. The Oneida perfectionist supported the practice of polygamy in backlash against the changing family norms due to industrialization (White). Families no longer needed to be large in size to help in a rural farm setting. Smith, being of a displaced farm family, soon craved a change in family life. According to White, Jr. , Smith’s â€Å"personal experience of economic insecurity, death of siblings, and fragile community structure also reinforced his quest for renewing the kinship and community bonds† (White). In some sort of subconscious need for a sense of community stemming from childhood experiences, Smith begins the practice of taking multiple wives. His reasons, according to the faith, are sound. His primary argument is that it was revealed to him by God. The belief in revelations is highly respected by Mormons and is one of the most distinguishing traits of the faith (Perry). It will be discussed in further detail later. Smith also called attention to multiple Old Testament passages that promote polygamy. Yet, his final argument is what upholds this practice today, procreation. Smith argued that, â€Å"man’s righteousness is measured by the size of his family† (Anderson). A proper Mormon man was expected to extensively multiple his family in order to provide more individuals to spread the faith. After social disagreements in several states, many members of the Church of Latter Day Saints fled to western territories hoping to find; â€Å"geographical, social, and cultural isolation required to implement their radical social agenda† (White). However, as the nation grew smaller and assimilation to the mainstream culture became desirable, in addition to persecution by the Federal Government, the Church of Latter Day Saints changed one of their founding principles. Essentially, in the fight for Utah territory statehood, the Mormon Church traded their practice of polygamy. This trade caused dissention among the ranks and multiple fundamentalist sects formed, continuing their practices in even more isolated communities. Joseph Musser, a prophet of the faith, established a fundamentalist community at Short Creek, Utah, that still exists today. There, families live in multi-wife homes where the domestic work is divided between eight or nine women, sometimes many more. The polygamous relationships are consensual and most women have little complaints about their situations. There are many reasons why the women choose to stay. Mainly, they don’t know anything else (Anderson). The religious beliefs they were raised with have been preparing them to be a plural wife. Rowenna Erikson, a plural wife who was excommunicated after speaking out against the treatment of women, says that growing up she; â€Å"sensed that [she] was supposed to be a plural wife mostly because [her] mother guided [her] in that direction. [She] didn’t really want to marry this way but [she] felt pressured and thought that this is what [she] had to do† (443). However, unlike Erikson, there are many women who enjoy their polygamous contract. To them, there is a sorority sense of community, their children are always cared for. During his stay at Short Creek, National Geographic journalist Scott Anderson also noticed a strange power that came with being a woman in the Mormon faith. Women are sought after in the community due to the need for reproduction creating a larger need for men to prove themselves as acceptable partners (Anderson). Brigham Young, another fundamentalist sect leader, also argued that polygamy allows all women the equal opportunity for marriage and, â€Å"†¦eliminates prostitution, economic exploitation and abandoned children† (White). Fundamentalist still argue procreation as a necessary reason for polygamy in the community. However, the main reasons fundamentalist broke off from the Church of Latter Day Saints were the revelations of new prophets. Both Brigham Young and Joseph Musser had revelations from God ordering them to take multiple wives and reproduce, and they weren’t the only ones. Fundamentalists refused to give into the assimilation of their religion. It is these radical, fundamental sects of the Church of Latter Day Saints, like Colorado City, Utah (formerly the Short Creek Community) that continue to tie the Mormon faith to the practice of polygamy. In doing so, along with ample aid from the American media, Mormonism is still considered by the mainstream to be â€Å"lumped into a category of ‘the religious outsiders’† (Perry). Yet, it is not only the practice of polygamy in these sects that support societies’ view. Several other practices continue to perpetuate their perception as part of the odd; some keep Mormons in isolated communities, some condone violence, and others speak out against the American government. Firstly, the practice of polygamy not only ostracized fundamentalist from the United States Government and mainstream, but also from the central Church of Latter Day Saints. Fundamentalist were heavily persecuted by elders of the church in the 1940s and 1950s culminating in the Short Creek Raid of 1953. American media broadcast children being ripped from mothers’ hands right into mainstream America’s living rooms. Decades of persecution and media misrepresentation only supported Mormon practices that led to communal isolation. One of these is the idea of The Gathering. Mormons believe that second coming of Christ is constantly near and that it is their duty to be ready no matter when it happens. Therefore, they live in tight knit communities that seek to prove their righteous existence to Christ. Secondly, their community is slightly communistic. There is the Law of Consecration that allows all property to be held in common and distributed (LeBaron). Additionally, United Order is the Mormon economic system of self-sufficiency (LeBaron). Both of these beliefs keep member separate from the mainstream and make it difficult to leave since they don’t have the rights to their own property. Additionally, many Fundamentalist believe in Blood Atonement established by Joseph Smith and Oaths of Vengeance. Blood Atonement is the basic belief of an eye for an eye. Smith preached that those who commit acts against Mormon should be punished with bloodshed for their sins. The Oath of Vengeance developed after the assassination of Smith stating that all Mormons are to pray for the sins committed against the prophet and should taught through lineages (LeBaron). Both of these practices have been used for justification for murder between sects. Murder justification has also come from the practices of personal revelation and heavenly visitations. As mentioned before, revelation is extremely important to the Mormon faith due to that fact that it is what the Church was founded on and from where most doctrines are derived. Personal revelations are the wishes of God and should be acted upon by faithful practitioners, yet, they give the prophet the okay from God to do whatever they want, even kill if needed (LeBaron). Obviously, murder is illegal in the United States, so how were the Mormons able, beyond personal revelation, to justify to their behavior in the court system? Fundamentalist practices believe in the triumph of God’s Law over Man’s Law. Due to their beliefs that they are forming a community for the return of Christ, Mormons believe they live in a theocratic society separate from Federal Government rule. Therefore, the rules set in place by God reign higher than those set in place by the state. Mormon belief justifies most actions, even murder, by claiming it as a personal revelation and an act of God’s will. Finally, in a religion where the members’ ultimate goal is to prepare for the end, Fundamentalist in the Church of Latter Day Saints awaits the fall of the United States Government. This belief, fueled by bitterness from lack of Federal aid in the 1820s, only reinforces the view that there is superior judgment than the United States Court system. While separation of church and state exists in the United States, Mormon religious beliefs, to a certain extent, defy that right claiming religious rule over states. There were several acts of violence that took place over the last forty years, all justified by different Mormon doctrines. Ervil LeBaron, a Fundamentalist prophet, used personal revelation for the reason he killed his brother in 1972. He then proceeded, with the same justification to kill dozens of others. LeBaron wasn’t finished when he was finally sent to jail. While in Utah State Penitentiary, LeBaron wrote the â€Å"The Book of New Covenants† ordering the deaths of members on God’s Will (LeBaron). His children then proceeded to follow his will working their way down his list. Ervil wasn’t the only one searching for power over the sects; the Lafferty brothers had similar problems in the 1980s. These events perpetuate public stereo types of the Mormon religion and polygamy. A survey I conducted of 25 people showed 100% of them still believe the Mormon Church officially sanctions polygamy and a cult like lifestyle (Venzen). It is these acts of violence based on God’s will that raise mainstream America’s eyebrows at the true classification of this faith. The violence stemming from radical sects also calls attention to Mormonism as an â€Å"other† in society and religious beliefs and raises questions to the credibility of the religion. Fundamentalist don’t only tie the Church of Latter Day Saints with polygamy. Acts of violence based on the will of a high power is often associated with cults as, â€Å"murder and suicide have been inseparable on other [cult] occasions† (Lamberg 2). Additionally, Rowenna Erickson considered her upbringing as a plural wife to be â€Å"brainwashing†, another cult practice, and even outwardly claims Mormonism as a â€Å"polygamist cult†. According to cult studies, the sought out isolation of the Fundamentalist communities only reflects that the, â€Å"†¦cult seeks to control disciples’ entire environment, not only externally but also reaching internally, as if reality were the group’s exclusive possession† (Lamberg 1). The question then remains. Is the practice of Mormonism, the Church of Latter Day Saints, an organized religion or a cult? The practice of polygamy leads the public to view the Church and its Fundamentalist counterparts as one. Therefore, can the debate of organized religion versus cult be separated by the central Church of Latter Day Saints and the Fundamentalist Church of Latter Day Saints?

The Mystery of Texas Application Essay Topics That Nobody Is Discussing

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